With the first presidential primaries just six months away, are America's voting systems accurate and secure from tampering? The eyes of election officials around the country are focused on the biggest state in the Union and crucial for candidates of both parties in the presidential primaries on February 5, 2008. But California Secretary of State Debra Bowen has thrown election officials into a frenzy by refusing to certify electronic voting machines in 39 of 58 counties—including Los Angeles, the biggest county of all. Avi Rubin is a computer scientist at Johns Hopkins University and elections judge in Maryland.