According to Aaron Bobrow-Strain, as late as the 1890s 90% of bread was baked by hand. By the turn of the century, only 10% was made in small bakeries. Bobrow-Strain is a politics professor at Whitman College and the author of White Bread: A Social History of the Store-Bought Loaf. In the book, he explores what made white bread so popular, including fear of immigration, war, and industrial ingenuity. He also looks at the technical challenges of industrializing an artisanal product, like temperature controls, high-speed mixing, and chemical additives.
Aaron Bobrow-Strain discusses food activism and the perils of industrialization in his book, “White Bread: A Social History of the Store-Bought Loaf.” Photo courtesy of Beacon Press.